MOLECULAR DISEASES.

A molecular disease is a hereditary disease, caused by a disorder in the molecular structure of determinated molecules.

Molecular diseases can be classified in three groups:

- Genetics: Depending on the type of cell, depending on the type of alteration, depending on the genoma or chromosomes infected.

- Exogenous diseases: intoxications, nutritionals, infections...
- Complex diseases or multifactorials: can be nuclears or mitocondrials.

Dolly the sheep.

Dolly (July 5, 1996 - February 14, 2003), a ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell.

She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, and lived there until her death when she was six years old.

Her birth was announced on February 22, 1997. The sheep was originally code-named "6LL3".

The name "Dolly" came from a suggestion by the stockmen who helped with her birth, in honor of Dolly Parton, because it was a mammary cell that was cloned.

The technique that was made famous by her birth is somatic cell nuclear transfer, in which a cell is placed in a de-nucleated ovum, the two cells fuse and then develop into an embryo.

When Dolly was cloned in 1996 from a cell taken from a six-year-old ewe, she became the center of much controversy that still exists today.

Mendel's biography.

Gregor Mendel, known as the "father of modern genetics," was born in Austria in 1822. A monk, Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his monastery's garden. His experiments showed that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, subsequently becoming the foundation of modern genetics and leading to the study of heredity.
Early Life

Gregor Johann Mendel was born Johann Mendel on July 22, 1822, to Anton and Rosine Mendel, on his family’s farm, in what was then Heinzendorf, Austria. He spent his early youth in that rural setting, until age 11, when a local schoolmaster who was impressed with his aptitude for learning recommended that he be sent to secondary school in Troppau to continue his education. The move was a financial strain on his family, and often a difficult experience for Mendel, but he excelled in his studies, and in 1840, he graduated from the school with honors.

Following his graduation, Mendel enrolled in a two-year program at the Philosophical Institute of the University of Olmütz. There, he again distinguished himself academically, particularly in the subjects of physics and math, and tutored in his spare time to make ends meet. Despite suffering from deep bouts of depression that, more than once, caused him to temporarily abandon his studies, Mendel graduated from the program in 1843.

That same year, against the wishes of his father, Mendel began studying to be a monk and was given the name Gregor.

In 1851, he was sent to the University of Vienna, at the monastery’s expense, to continue his studies in the sciences.

In 1853, upon completing his studies at the University of Vienna, Mendel returned to the monastery in Brno and was given a teaching position at a secondary school, where he would stay for more than a decade. It was during this time that he began the experiments for which he is best known.

Experiments and Theories

Around 1854, Mendel began to research the transmission of hereditary traits in plant hybrids. At the time of Mendel’s studies, it was a generally accepted fact that the hereditary traits of the offspring of any species were merely the diluted blending of whatever traits were present in the “parents.” It was also commonly accepted that, over generations, a hybrid would revert to its original form, the implication of which suggested that a hybrid could not create new forms.

Right of health in Spain.

Here are some of the articles of the spanish Constitution of 1978 in respect to the right of health:

- Public institutios must ensure preventive steps and facilities for public health. They also provide us our duties and rights in relation to health.

- Any hospital needs to have some kind sanitary conditios in order to treat the patients.

- The Spanish State must promote sanitary and physical education and sports.

- Right of healh protection.

The sanctions can vary depending on the type of infraction that you commit, (fines, prision, etc.)

Gattaca.

The first time I saw this movie it fascinated me. Maybe because on an occasion I have felt the same.

How far are we willing to go? Have you ever experienced your limits at any time? Have you ever really fought for something? Do you believe in destiny? Do you know the difference between success and failure? Do you really know what you are made of?

The title refers to the critical spirit of the film and its protagonist, Vincent, trying to realize his dreams from when he was little. Who is this guy? Will he make it? If you want to find out, I definitely recommend this film.

Values ​​such as suffering, work, hope, self-confidence, friendship and many more, strive for success, dreams and overcome the insurmountable.

Central theme: being human.

Hutchinson's disease.

Progeria (also known as Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome) is an extremely rare genetic disease wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at a very early age. Those born with progeria typically live to their mid teens and early twenties. It is a genetic condition that occurs as a new mutation, and is rarely inherited.

Symtoms:

Children with progeria usually develop the first symptoms during their first few months. The earliest symptoms may include a failure to thrive and a localized scleroderma-like skin condition. Signs and symptoms of this progressive disease tend to get worse as the child ages. Later, the condition causes wrinkled skin, atherosclerosis, kidney failure, loss of eyesight, hair loss, and cardiovascular problems.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis is suspected according to signs and symptoms, such as skin changes, abnormal growth, and loss of hair. A genetic test for LMNA mutations can confirm the diagnosis of progeria.

Treatment:

No treatments have been proven effective. Most treatment focuses on reducing complications (such as cardiovascular disease) with heart bypass surgery or low-dose aspirin. Children may also benefit from a high-energy diet.

Prognosis:

As there is no known cure, few people with progeria exceed 13 years of age. At least 90% of patients die from complications of atherosclerosis, such as heart attack or stroke.

Mental development is not adversely affected; in fact, intelligence tends to be above average.